Urban Heat Island Project
Why is urban heat such a big deal in Louisville?
An urban heat island is a city or metropolitan area that’s significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas, due to human activities. It’s common in cities across the nation — but it’s advancing in Louisville at one of the fastest rates in the country.
In the parts of Louisville that feel urban heat the most, the temperature may be 10 degrees higher than in other parts of the city.
Urban heat in Louisville was the subject of a comprehensive study, the first of its kind, led by Dr. Brian Stone of the Urban Climate Lab at Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Stone outlined the dangers facing Louisville because of the urban heat. He also detailed recommended actions that the city and its residents can take — in businesses, homes, and throughout the community — to reduce urban heat.
Louisvillians from across the city will have to play a part. Fortunately, Dr. Stone’s study included strategies for doing just that.
The Louisville Urban Heat Management Study was commissioned through the Office of Advanced Planning and Sustainability with generous support from the Owsley Brown Foundation and the Augusta Brown Holland Foundation. It was made possible through the Funders’ Network for Smart Growth and Livable Communities and its partner, the Urban Sustainability Directors Network. Read the full report below, along with a summary of public comments on the report.
2016 Urban Heat Management Study
How does it hurt Louisville residents?
The additional heat in the urban core leads to costlier utility bills but also serious health issues — it’s a real danger to vulnerable Louisville residents. The hotter air exacerbates the effect of air pollution; Louisvillians with asthma or other respiratory problems in UHI-affected areas are put at risk.
The urban heat island effect is caused by many factors, including an abundance of dark-colored asphalt and other surfaces. Downtown Louisville and urban residential neighborhoods — especially those along the Ohio River — are experiencing the urban heat island effect the most.
“We know that too often the ZIP code where you are born can correlate with negative health outcomes. That’s unacceptable,” said Mayor Greg Fischer. “In addition, the added heat causes citizens and businesses to run their air-conditioning longer and higher, which drives up energy costs for citizens and businesses. It also increases pollution, leading to more global warming. It’s a vicious cycle.”
Heat waves often lead to increases in emergency room visits and hospital admissions.
Each year, heat-related ailments contribute to the deaths of 86 Louisville residents, according to Dr. Stone’s study.
What can we do to help?
A lot — and we have a good deal of information that can help guide our efforts. One way to turnaround the urban heat island effect is reduce the amount of surfaces that absorb the heat from the sun.
The study breaks down steps to reduce the urban heat island effect in Louisville by neighborhood. Here, you can search what’s recommended in your part of Louisville. (Some elements are measured in hectares; each hectare equals about 2.5 acres.)
We’re calling this effort Cool502. The recommendations are:
Property owners can install cool roofs that reflect heat. Commercial and industrial buildings typically have black or dark roofs. But businesses can instead have white or light roofs, which reflect heat, installed the next time their structure needs a new roof. Meanwhile, Louisville homeowners can help by using shingles of lighter colors the next time roofing is needed.
Green roofs, which include plants and grasses, can also help reduce the urban heat island effect. Green roofs have the added benefit of improving air quality, soaking up rainwater and keeping water out of the sewer system.
Trees go a long way, too. The city has a goal to have its tree canopy at about 45 percent — but we’re currently at 37 percent. Even before the urban heat island report, the city was endeavoring to plant more trees. The efforts included the hiring of the city’s first urban forester, Erin Thompson, and helping to establish Trees Louisville, a non-profit working to plant and care for the city’s trees.
Louisville residents can help by planting trees on their own property, too.
Residents can also help by planting grass on barren lands that have no vegetation or are only dirt.
Another factor in the urban heat island effect are paved surfaces. The city currently uses heat-absorbing blacktop, but a lighter-colored topping could help make streets more reflective of heat. The city will be searching for lighter paving products and conducting tests in the coming months.
When you undertake one (or more) of these strategies, let us know on Twitter by posting pictures and descriptions using the hashtag #cool502.
Neighborhood Based Heat Management Strategies
Download this excel spreadsheet to use as a tool for neighborhood level intervention. The worksheet contains the cool roofing, cool paving, tree planting, barren land-to-grass conversions and green roofing targets suggested by the Urban Heat Management Study for each neighborhood in the urban core zone, as well as for the remainder of Louisville Metro falling outside of established neighborhood boundaries. The Urban Heat Management Study found that if all strategies were adopted in combination, temperature reductions could exceed 5oF in certain areas on hot afternoons.
What’s next?
Effectively managing Louisville’s urban warming will take leadership from Louisville Metro Government as well as broad participation from community partners. In addition to educating the public on the urban heat island effect through the #Cool502 campaign, the city will begin implementing a combination of new regulatory and economic incentive programs and policies to bring forth the changes needed to protect its residents from excessive heat events. By making enhancements to land cover and improvements to energy efficiency, Louisville be a cooler, healthier and greener city now and in the future.
